- Valves are used to control gas flow to and from cylinders in automotive internal combustion engines. The most common type of valve used is the poppet valve.
- The valve itself consists of a disc-shaped head having a stem extending from its centre at one side. The edge of the head on the side nearest the stem is accurately ground at an angle – usually 45 degrees, but sometimes 30 degrees, to form the seating face.
- When the valve is closed, the face is pressed in contact with a similarly ground seat.
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