Folate, a water-soluble vitamin, helps the body form red blood cells and aids in the formation of genetic material within every body cell. Folate deficiency is a lack of folic acid in the diet and the signs are often subtle. Folate, an important B-group vitamin, participates in many metabolic pathways such as DNA and RNA biosynthesis and amino acid inter-conversions. Rapidly proliferating cells require large amounts of folate to support efficient DNA replication, repair and methylation indicating the importance of folate in human metabolism. Folate is an essential cofactor during human erythropoiesis. Low folate levels lead to prolongation of the synthesis phase of cell division and retardation of germ cell maturation. Probiotic bacteria, mostly belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, confer a number of health benefits to the host, including vitamin production.
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