Industrial Microbes

• The industrial microbial processes concern fermented food preparations, microbial cell and metabolite productions and wastes processing.
• They are made in fundamentally the same way with three steps: pretreatment of raw matter, microbial conversion, and product recovery. 
• In ancient times, vinegar was made by filtering alcohol through wood shavings, allowing microbes growing on the surfaces of the wood pieces to convert alcohol to vinegar.
• Recombinant DNA technology has led to large improvements in the manufacture of these microbial products. It has involved combining molecular manipulations with mutational techniques with the aim of increasing yields and overall economic improvements.