Phosphorylation

• Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43-) group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation turns many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity.
• It is the most essential post-translational modification of proteins, modulates proteins conformation, stability, trafficking, interaction and cellular dynamics and plasticity.
• It changes the activity of important signaling proteins. By controlling the activity of these proteins, kinases control most cellular processes including metabolism, transcription, cell cycle progression, cell movement, apoptosis .